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d�de�Ze�ZdS)aSupport for programmatically generating markup streams from Python code using
a very simple syntax. The main entry point to this module is the `tag` object
(which is actually an instance of the ``ElementFactory`` class). You should
rarely (if ever) need to directly import and use any of the other classes in
this module.

Elements can be created using the `tag` object using attribute access. For
example:

>>> doc = tag.p('Some text and ', tag.a('a link', href='http://example.org/'), '.')
>>> doc
<Element "p">

This produces an `Element` instance which can be further modified to add child
nodes and attributes. This is done by "calling" the element: positional
arguments are added as child nodes (alternatively, the `Element.append` method
can be used for that purpose), whereas keywords arguments are added as
attributes:

>>> doc(tag.br)
<Element "p">
>>> print(doc)
<p>Some text and <a href="http://example.org/">a link</a>.<br/></p>

If an attribute name collides with a Python keyword, simply append an underscore
to the name:

>>> doc(class_='intro')
<Element "p">
>>> print(doc)
<p class="intro">Some text and <a href="http://example.org/">a link</a>.<br/></p>

As shown above, an `Element` can easily be directly rendered to XML text by
printing it or using the Python ``str()`` function. This is basically a
shortcut for converting the `Element` to a stream and serializing that
stream:

>>> stream = doc.generate()
>>> stream #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
<genshi.core.Stream object at ...>
>>> print(stream)
<p class="intro">Some text and <a href="http://example.org/">a link</a>.<br/></p>


The `tag` object also allows creating "fragments", which are basically lists
of nodes (elements or text) that don't have a parent element. This can be useful
for creating snippets of markup that are attached to a parent element later (for
example in a template). Fragments are created by calling the `tag` object, which
returns an object of type `Fragment`:

>>> fragment = tag('Hello, ', tag.em('world'), '!')
>>> fragment
<Fragment>
>>> print(fragment)
Hello, <em>world</em>!
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    escaped:

    >>> print(Element('textarea', rows=10))
    <textarea rows="10"/>
    >>> print(Element('span', title='1 < 2'))
    <span title="1 &lt; 2"/>
    >>> print(Element('span', title='"baz"'))
    <span title="&#34;baz&#34;"/>

    The " character is escaped using a numerical entity.
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    If an attribute value evaluates to `None`, that attribute is not included
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    >>> print(Element('a', name=None))
    <a/>

    Attribute names that conflict with Python keywords can be specified by
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    >>> print(Element('div', class_='warning'))
    <div class="warning"/>

    Nested elements can be added to an element using item access notation.
    The call notation can also be used for this and for adding attributes
    using keyword arguments, as one would do in the constructor.

    >>> print(Element('ul')(Element('li'), Element('li')))
    <ul><li/><li/></ul>
    >>> print(Element('a')('Label'))
    <a>Label</a>
    >>> print(Element('a')('Label', href="target"))
    <a href="target">Label</a>

    Text nodes can be nested in an element by adding strings instead of
    elements. Any special characters in the strings are escaped automatically:

    >>> print(Element('em')('Hello world'))
    <em>Hello world</em>
    >>> print(Element('em')(42))
    <em>42</em>
    >>> print(Element('em')('1 < 2'))
    <em>1 &lt; 2</em>

    This technique also allows mixed content:

    >>> print(Element('p')('Hello ', Element('b')('world')))
    <p>Hello <b>world</b></p>

    Quotes are not escaped inside text nodes:
    >>> print(Element('p')('"Hello"'))
    <p>"Hello"</p>

    Elements can also be combined with other elements or strings using the
    addition operator, which results in a `Fragment` object that contains the
    operands:
    
    >>> print(Element('br') + 'some text' + Element('br'))
    <br/>some text<br/>
    
    Elements with a namespace can be generated using the `Namespace` and/or
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    >>> from genshi.core import Namespace
    >>> xhtml = Namespace('http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml')
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    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"/>
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    Markup fragments (lists of nodes without a parent element) can be created
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    >>> print(factory('Hello, ', factory.em('world'), '!'))
    Hello, <em>world</em>!
    
    A factory can also be bound to a specific namespace:
    
    >>> factory = ElementFactory('http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml')
    >>> print(factory.html(lang="en"))
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"/>
    
    The namespace for a specific element can be altered on an existing factory
    by specifying the new namespace using item access:
    
    >>> factory = ElementFactory()
    >>> print(factory.html(factory['http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'].g(id=3)))
    <html><g xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="3"/></html>
    
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